Whose Internet

Last week was a rather interesting week for policy makers in the region, especially those who have taken time to understand internet governance issues. From the onset, everyone seems to know what internet governance is all about, but the moment you dig deeper and start asking hard questions, you start getting very interesting answers of how the internet cannot actually be governed.

But is this what internet governance really means? Internet Governance does not refer to governance in the "policing" sense or "control" of the internet as one would think, no. A working group established after the UN-initiated WSIS defined internet governance as "the development and application by governments, private sector and civil society, in their respective rules, shared principles, norms, rules, decision-making procedures and programmes that shape the evolution and use of the internet.  

So IG stems from the realisation that the internet is a scarce and valuable resource that each country and stakeholder needs access to and therefore needs policies and mechanisms acceptable to all players to promote its growth, maintain its stability and secure it. And that is what Internet Governance is all about...let me know what you think.

Opening the Internet Governance Debate in East Africa

October has been an interesting month on issues of Internet Governance. For the first time, the region, that is Kenya, Rwanda, Uganda and Burundi are discussing issues around Internet Governance in preparation for a regional meeting and later a global forum for the same.

The issues around IG have been around for a while, but were probably prioritised after the second WSIS meeting in Tunis, Tunisia where the UN Secretary was mandated to form a forum for stakeholders to dialogue around issues around the way the internet is managed. This forum is currently non-policy making, however, alot of issues discussed in the forum find there way into global policies.

The region has not hard an opportunity to prepare and think issues through and identify issues that are important and common across East Africa. So having a regional meeting that aims to have a common position for East Africa, is to say the least exciting. Kenya held its National IG on the 14th of October, Tanzania followed with its version on the 22nd of October. Rwanda and Uganda are set to have their own on the 29th of October after which the issues identified will be collated and discussed at a regional meeting in Nairobi between 10-12 November. I Cant wait for this. 

ICT Policy Harmonisation a must for regional integration

There will be no regional integration without ICT, these were the words of the Deputy Secretary General of the East African Community when addressing stakeholders at the Policy Review workshop in Nairobi today. To have ICT work for the region, there is need to harmonise policies that will help achieve the goal of the EAC to widen and deepen economic, political and cultural integration in order to improve the quality of life of the people of the region through increased competitiveness.

Energy critical for success of e-Government

I have heard about it from colleagues and partners, but it had never happened in front of my eyes before, in between a very crucial session in a workshop on ICT for Development in Johannesburg, South Africa, the self proclaimed capital city of Africa and viola, an unprecedented power blackout that turns the meeting room into a dark room, akin to film production studios and forces the interpreters to move out of their interpretation booth and join the distinguished participants to push the meeting agenda forward, albeit briefly.

This got me thinking:  if we can have a blackout in the capital of the continent, which renders all communication networks unusable or provides just limited connectivity, is the continent really ready for e-Government which is highly dependent on electricity?

Yes, I hear you; one can use backup power, diesel-power generator or may be solar; just to report that none of these were available for our meeting. In Nairobi, we normally take these alternative power sources very seriously to avoid such embarrassing situations.

Moral of the story? As we plan to implement e-government in our countries, it is critical that we do this in tandem with the roll out of electricity so that we are not caught in a situation where we down our fancy, efficient, highly productive  e-Government tools for archaic traditional, inefficient  systems.  Without fear of contradiction, I would dare recommend that Governments reviewing their e-Government strategies should include a component of provision of energy...mainstream or alternative.

Digital Villages: Serious potential for e-Government

They have since been rebranded to Pasha Centres, translating to information centres or if you are like me, information access centres. This is in realisation that the digital villages are not a technological event or activity but an investment that has the potential of opening up government and effectively offer public service to the remotest village in the country.

But what the Pasha Centres are has been a subject of discussion and even controversy since the initial concept was unveiled more than a year ago. Listening to ten different people involved in the project talking about the Centres, one could be excused to thinking that its ten different projects that were being discussed.

With the kind of potential and interest from especially would be investors in the programme, the situation was to say the least worrying. I’m however, glad to report that this is quickly changing as the Kenya ICT Board took time to define, plan the deployment, roll-out, management and funding of the Pasha Centres. This to me was as refreshing as it was important.

It is almost official that the Pasha Centres will among other services offer online government services, plan are underway to link the Pashas with the implementation of e-Government in the country. This requires collaboration between the ICT Board and the Directorate of e-Government who are charged with the task of implementing e-Government in the country.

Turning traditional public services into online services is no mean task, it requires rationalisation, alignment and a sizeable investment in systems, people and re-engineering of processes within government and a massive awareness programme. This will take some time to be realised, but as long as we start walking in this direction in regard to the Pashas and e-Government, we shall get there in no time...so lets get going.

INVITATION - New Generation Organizational Models for eGovernment:

You are kindly invited to join us for a Global Dialogue workshop on New Generation Organizational Models for eGovernment: Emerging Role of Centers of Excellence. You can participate in person, via videoconference or live webcast or by sending questions to speakers in advance.

The event will take place at 09.30 - 12:30 am ET on April 1, 2008 in Washington D. C. (1818 H Street, N. W.). The event is organized by the e-Development Thematic Group/Global ICT Department of the World Bank in collaboration with GDLN, DGF, ECCB, IIS Russia, African eDevelopment Resource Centre in Kenya and other organizations.

Workshop Description.

Given the complexities of designing and implementing e-government applications, institutional structures are extremely important for achieving success. Traditionally, governments have established specialized ICT agencies/organizations to deal with technology issues in the public sector. Such agencies variously deal with policy, operational and procedural aspects of e-government. However, rapid changes taking place in technologies and business models, require a fundamental rethink of the organizational structures and institutional designs for ICT organizations supporting e-government. Apart from the public sector, the private sector has some useful lessons of experience to offer in this regard. For example, Integration/SOA Competency Centers are playing a useful role in rationalizing and coordinating IT
deployments, in cost effective and efficient ways.

This workshop will discuss the role of a new generation of e-government organizations which could extend the role of e-Government "Centers of Excellence" or "Competency Centers" in keeping with emerging technology and organizational trends. These organizations could potentially help expand and scale-up successful e-Government approaches, including
those using Service Oriented Architecture and Web 2.0 technologies. These "e-Gov 2.0" organizations could be designed as hybrids with flexible structures, drawing expertise from government agencies, academia, private sector and industry. The session intends to explore promising approaches to the design of such organisations drawing upon successful experiences from the private and public sectors. The session will discuss the applicability of such next
generation e-government organizations to different environments. In environments where e-Government projects are risky and, involve high level technical skills, and domain expertise, such approaches could effectively meld the business of government with new technologies and business models to achieve future oriented and high impact eGovernment applications.

The speakers will include:

Philippe Dongier, Sector Manager, Global ICT Dept., World Bank
Reinhard Posch, Chief Information Officer (CIO) for the Government of Austria (keynote address, via videoconference)
Randeep Sudan, Lead ICT Policy Specialist, Global ICT Dept., World Bank
Jaijit Bhattacharya, Country Director at Sun Microsystems India (via videoconference)
Samia Melhem (Moderator), Senior Operations Officer, Global ICT Dept., World Bank; and Chair, e-Development Thematic Group
Juan Navas Sabater, Senior Operations Officer, Global ICT Dept., World Bank

Additional information on this seminar, such as the agenda, speaker profiles and slides will be placed online as they become available at http://go.worldbank.org/2LA3GGGEA0.

Please note that a building pass will be required if you are attending in DC, and you can contact us at edevelopment@worldbank.org with your name and your institution's name so that a building pass will be requested prior to your arrival.

As an alternative, you can join us via live webcast and online discussion or in one of other participating cities (via videoconference). We can provide the list of cities, which will be connected, upon request.

The Live Webcast / e-Discussion and archived videoclip will be available at:
http://www.worldbank.org/edevelopment/live , please respond by email to confirm your participation in the webcast.

We look forward to your attendance!

e-Development TG Team

P.S. Feel free to forward this invitation to all who may be interested!

SA government goes open source

This article by Sumayya Ismail was first published in Mail&Guardian Online

Sumayya Ismail and Sapa | Johannesburg, South Africa
27 February 2007 09:32

South Africa is joining countries such as Brazil, India and Uganda in implementing open-source software in all government departments -- and getting rid of widely used Microsoft Windows desktop programmes that come with expensive licences.

Open-source software can be shared by many users without a need for licences. The actual code can be accessed by anyone to make changes and adapt it to different situations.

A Cabinet-approved policy and strategy to implement such software will lower administration costs and enhance local IT skills, Themba Maseko, head of the Government Communication and Information System, said last week.

"All new software developed for or by the government will be based on open standards, and government will itself migrate current software to Foss [free and open-source software]," he told a media briefing at Parliament.

By April, a project office will be set up by the Department of Science and Technology, the Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, and the State Information Technology Agency to ensure the smooth implementation of the new strategy.

Karl Fischer, the government's open-source project manager, says some government departments have already been using open-source software for "back-end" processes such as mail servers.

He said the new strategy will place open-source software in all areas of government. From mail servers to desktop applications such as word processors, there will be a move towards Linux-operated open-source software.

Petition

Last year, Sangonet and other NGOs petitioned the government and Minister of Public Service and Administration Geraldine Fraser-Moleketi to adopt an open-source software policy following a declaration signed at the 2005 Go Open Source conference at the Sandton Convention Centre.

The petition was endorsed by the Centre for Policy Studies, the Freedom of Expression Institute and the Institute for Security Studies, among others.

It urged the government "to take a stronger, direct leadership role to the benefit of all". The government accounts for more than 50% of the country's ICT use and should set a precedent that favours open source and its underlying principles, it added.

"As a developing country, South Africa, along with all the countries on the African continent, needs you and our government to act as agents of positive change in our society and trigger shifts in the ICT market dynamics, in order to favour the supply of local ICT content, support,
skills and service providers, and to reduce our long-standing dependence on imports and the negative effects created by this dependence," the petition stated.

It further held that in the spirit of broad-based black economic empowerment, the government had a responsibility to implement open-source software and make it easier for other, smaller ICT users to access the hardware and technical skills needed to sustain it.

David Barnard, director of Sangonet, says it is possible the petition prompted the government to implement open-source software. However, the decision had been "brewing within government" for a while, he said.

Fischer confirms that it was an internal government decision to implement open-source software fully. But, he added: "Obviously we do listen to what [civil society] have to say."

Benefits

Government personnel will be trained to use the new software at the Meraka Institute's training centres throughout the country. Open-source training materials are also freely available, making them more affordable and accessible to users.

Despite these training requirements and other initial costs, Fischer says open-source software will be more affordable in the long term. "Our hardware won't need upgrading … but it would have needed upgrading if we switched to Windows Vista. Linux will work out cheaper."

The cost of Linux is significantly less than that of the Microsoft licences the government has been paying, he says, although he declined to give the actual cost of the new operating system, as it will only be implemented fully by December this year.

"Because the whole open-source community is backing us, we can harness the whole community to help us," Fischer says. "People are very keen to help out where they can … and where they can't, we will have to get the necessary skills, and we have the funds for it."

Pfungwa Serima, MD of Microsoft South Africa, says the software giant fully supports the standards on which open-source software is based, as it is "in line with our software development strategy in enabling interoperability between software from multiple vendors, thus allowing customers to choose the application for their specific requirements".

Judgement reserved

Though "on-the ground" institutions and training centres are already set up, Sangonet's Barnard says he will reserve judgement until he sees the initial roll-out plans. "This is a huge opportunity for South Africa to make it work … but it may be one of those decisions that were undertaken,
but the follow-through is just not there."

Fischer says that along with a cut in costs, the open-source strategy will also foster inter-community development, transparency and sharing, and build local skills to enhance and support the new software. "And, instead of giving money away to multinationals, we are keeping it and putting it to use internally."

However, Barnard says a major challenge is the lack of public understanding of the principles of open-source software.

"The important thing is for people to understand the economic, social and other values we could derive from it … and in the bigger mindset is the creation of an information society in the country. [We need] proper understanding … the capacity, expertise and political will to do something to implement it."

However, the strategy does "look good on paper", he adds, and its implementation will "say to the world that South Africa is -- in a national, political and strategic way -- committed to open source".

East African Governments report on eGovernment progress

Last week the Regional Working Group (RWG) on eGoverenment constituted by the East African Community (EAC) secretariat in 2004 met in Arusha, Tanzania for the 10^th time to access the progress made in each country, identify regional opportunities for eGovernment and plan joint activities for the coming twelve months.

Indications from all the five EAC partner states are that eGovernment is slowly taking root and being recognized by the various governments as a transformational tool in public service delivery. It is also obvious that governments are feeling the heat of technology and is driving the change with mobile technologies making a major impact on the way services are being delivered. For instance short messaging services (sms) are gaining in popularity as a channel for public information delivery, from utility bills to examination results.

Country Round-up

Below is a summary of the highlights of progress in eGovernment from the five EAC member states as presented to the RWG.

Burundi

This is probably the most underdeveloped countries in the region has made some restructuring of its Transport, Post and Telecommunications ministry with objective of developing an e-Government strategy and its subsequent implementation. A new agency has been created under the ministry to handle all maters of Information and Communication Technologies including eGovernment. This action is meant to speed up the uptake of ICT within the government and the country at large.

Kenya

The implementation of the 2004 eGovernment Strategy is on-going despite the fact that the strategy was meant to have accomplished its mandate by end of last year. In the last twelve months, the Directorate of eGovernment has trained more than 200 officers from different ministries and departments on ICT. All the 167,000 government offers have been allocated a .go.ke email address to the district level. This according to the officials from the Directorate of eGovernment, will ease communication within government. The Directorate has also recruited and seconded to different ministries 78 ICT officers and 200 other ICT staff.

It was also reported that in 2007, the government undertook an eGovernment awareness campaign countrywide in an effort to sensitive public servants and the community of the benefits of eGovernment. All government ministries have websites which are currently being upgraded to accommodate to a standard template with the same look and feel and to allow the next phase of web presence - online transactions. Other developments reported include the online jobs application implemented by the Public Service Commission, the Integrated Population Registry System, the modernization of the Company Registry and ICT infrastructure development at provincial headquarters and government buildings.

Uganda

The government of Uganda has placed ICTs under one political leadership for policy guidance and direction by creating a ministry of Information and Communications Technology. The young ministry is charged with the implementation of the country’s ICT policy framework and the newly crafted eGovernment Strategy. To get things going, the government has initiated the National Data Transmission Backbone and e-Government infrastructure project which is meant to deploy a nationwide fiber-optic backbone and a government network. So far all government ministries are connected to one network. On the policy and regulatory side, the principles and objectives of the Cyber laws Bill have been approved by Cabinet. This paves way for the bill to be drafted and sent to parliament for discussion before being enacted into law.

Tanzania

Tanzania is the first country in the region to develop and adopt a Policy for ICT back in March 2003. A cabinet decision to fast-track eGovernment was taken in 2004 and recommended the establishment of a focal point to coalesce and reinforce the many existing, fragmented and isolated e‑Government initiatives; building of a national wide-area network to carry voice and data communications efficiently among all levels of Government; and to create awareness of the opportunities for strategic ICT use across the public service.

Though the country is yet to publish its strategy, eGovernment has been identified as a critical ingredient in the success of the objectives and outcomes of the second phase of the Public Service Reform Program. Under this initiative, eGovernment initiatives are expected to augment the operations of ministries, departments and agencies an intervention to improve the quality of service to the community.

Rwanda

Like in Burundi, Rwanda has also restructured its lead ICT organ, Rwanda Information Technology Authority (RITA) and place it under the Office of the President to give it the necessary clout to move the ICT and eGovernment agenda forward. This now means that the operations of RITA will be under the watchful eye of His Excellency Paul Kagame himself. RITA is currently implementing the NICI plan 2006-2010, probably the most elaborate ICT policy framework in the region with 28 e-Government Projects coordinated under 8 Directorates.

Under the eGovernment Directorate, 7 projects are already underway including the GovNet, a WAN connecting all government ministries; Video Conferencing, National ID and SmartGov, a budgeting and accounting system for government; GateKeeper, an application to help immigration control and secure at the country’s borders; it includes a Visa issuing component ; ProfileMaster, a software designed for National Security Services and Military Intelligence and Documents, a correspondence tracking system designed for the special needs of Ministries and large organizations (workflow management, document management and productivity measuring tool).

With this review, one can see there is movement in the realm of eGovernment in the region despite the challenges of resources, legislation and infrastructure. Burundi and Tanzania are yet to formally publish and adopt national strategies on eGovernment. This does not mean that there is not eGovernment activity, but their less coordination as each ministry runs and implements its own projects based on their mandate and priorities. Tanzania has taken the first steps as a draft strategy does exist but requires the political push to finalise it and start implementing. Burundi on the other hand has started making initial plans to have a stakeholders’ meeting in April 2008 to chart the way forward on eGovernment.

Kenya and Uganda seem to have gained momentum in their eGovernment efforts. From the briefing, it was clear that Uganda’s focus is on developing infrastructure while Kenya has already started rolling out some eGovernment applications including the popular Electoral Commission of Kenya (ECK) voter status check via sms. Rwanda on the other hand seems to have taken a wholistic approach to ICT including eGovernment and with the support and goodwill from the Country’s CEO, the sky is the limit.

IT Governance: Could the ICT Board be the answer?

While appreciating the presentation by the newly established Kenya ICT Board at the recent Kenya ICT Federation (KIF) luncheon dubbed “State of the Industry” Presentation, what came into my mind was, could the ICT Board be the answer to the IT Governance vacuum that has bogged the government ever since IT, or for the more development inclined, ICT became a priority? The presentation was quite refreshing despite the violence that has rocked the country over the December 2007 disputed elections, one could be forgiven to think that its business as usual hearing the efforts that the Board is putting in place to “develop Kenya to a top ten global ICT hub and a transformed information empowered society”, as stated in their newly crafted vision.

Having been in the ICT Strategy and Policy arenas for a while now, and almost stuck there, this was my focus while listening to the officials of the ICT Board, led by their able CEO, Paul Kukubo of the 3 Mice fame, lay their strategies and mandate in the open for the participants to appreciate and even contribute to their development. One thing that struck my attention was the scope of the Board’s work.

According to Mr. Kukubo’s presentation, the board is mandated to spearhead the development of ICT in the country and also market the country as an ICT investment destination. If you examine this mandate, it appears that, the ICT Board is actually responsible for everything ICT in the country, from advisor to Government to implementer of some “light house” projects. It cuts across policy advisory, strategy formulation and project design and implementation. Although the main pillars are Advisory, Marketing, Investment Facilitation and Project management, performing these tasks may require policy, regulatory and even legal interventions at some point.

This in itself posses major challenges for the Board, given that there are already existing institutions which are doing some of what the Board is supposed to do. A case in point is the National Communication Secretariat (NCS) under the same ministry that has been “advisor to the Government” since the enactment of the Kenya Communications Act of 1997 and the Government IT Services (GITS) under the Ministry of Finance. What I must point out from the onset, though, is the Board’s openness and the willingness to collaborate with other players both within and outside government to perform their mandate. But this is another story for another day.

For now, let’s examine what I mean by IT Governance, since this in itself is a controversial subject. This is sometimes referred to as e-Governance and should not be confused with e-Government. The Centre for Information Systems Research (CISR) at MIT defines IT Governance as the framework for decision rights and accountabilities to encourage desirable behavior in the use of IT or ICT if you want.

IT Governance is driven by the need for closer interaction and involvement with stakeholders both within and outside government. In today’s development lingo, this would be termed as multi-stakeholder participation which emphasizes on integrating the three "C's" of Cooperation, Consensus and Community. IT Governance is not about the specific decisions made, but rather about determining who makes each type of decision, who has input into the decision, and how one is held accountable for their role. This, to me sounds like what the ICT Board is trying to do or address.

Until very recently, it was difficult to point to one organization in government where ICT issues be they policy, strategic or implementation could be handled effectively. Several organizations had bits and pieces of “mandate” to do this and that despite the cross-cutting nature of ICT. This encouraged duplication of efforts, un-aligned priorities, confusion and even unhealthy competition between government ministries and departments. Governance is a key enabler of any transformation and clear active central governance is essential in federated organizations with distributed decision making to achieve strategic outcomes.

I would encourage Mr. Kukubo and his able team to take on the IT Governance challenge in the country and carefully craft the governance model that will be simple, participative and inclusive, formal yet flexible and one that will support the alignment of government-wide and departmental decisions. This way, I promise you, Kenya will alter the current BRIC+9 arrangement.

OMS and GIS Global Image sign strategic MOU

Organisational Management Systems (OMS) an information systems integration company based in Nairobi, Kenya and South Africa’s GIS Global Image, a leading Geographical Information Systems (GIS) practitioner have signed a strategic memorandum of understanding (MoU) that will see the toe companies working towards implementing and providing GIS solutions in East Africa.

During a recent visit to South Africa, management from both OMS and GIS Global Image, agreed on the establishment of the strategic MOU that will see transfer of skills and technology between the two organizations in addition to leveraging on their respective expertise and networks.

The basis for the MOU is mutual support in the implementation and development of GIS products and services in the East African Region. “GIS Global Image has been in this industry for a long time and we have developed a diverse skills base and understanding of the GIS technologies,” said Mr. Nico Elema, the Managing Director at GIS Global Image. “This coupled with OMS’s knowledge of the East African market, we feel that we shall be able to deliver unmatched GIS solutions in this region,” he continued.

GIS Global Image, has extensive experience in the implementation and management of GIS projects in various levels of Government and the Private Sector within the Southern African Region. Currently the company is assisting the Stellenbosch Municipality in developing and implementing their information management system on a GIS platform. Other projects undertaken include the Housing Demand Database for the Department of National Housing and the Open Source Map Viewer.

OMS on the other hand specializes on information management systems and products including records management, knowledge management and decision support systems that can be mapped on a GIS platform. With the implementation of this MOU, GIS projects and initiatives undertaken by OMS, will benefit from the extensive experience from GIS Global Image, with local skills being developed within the East African Region.

“We are excited about this partnership and are looking forward and committed to giving our clients best-of-the-breed technology solutions to help them manage their organizations better,” said Mr. Harry Hare, the Managing Director at OMS. “GIS Global Image adds a lot of value to our existing skills and solutions base to the benefit of our clients,” he continued.

Under this MOU, OMS will be responsible in rolling out an Integrated Management Information System, dubbed Papyrus, in the region. Papyrus enables Local Authorities to access information from different departments. These departments include the Town Planning-, Building Control-, Engineering and Treasury departments. All systems are GIS-based and developed on central servers, enabling the user to access data and GIS maps from an Intranet platform.

East African Local Authorities plan to implement eGovernment

Local Authorities in East Africa are planning to implement Information and Communication Technologies in an effort to increase efficiency of their operations in service delivery to the citizens. This was the message from the Regional eGovernment for Local Authorities Forum, held at in Kenya recently, writes Harry Hare. This was the first forum of its kind to be held within the region, involving local authority administrators, policy makers and ICT consultants.

A total of 68 participants from Kenya, Uganda, Tanzania and the new EAC partner states of Burundi and Rwanda took part in the event that was jointly organized by the East African Community Secretariat, the Ministry of Local Government, the Directorate of eGovernment and African eDevelopment Resource Center and supported by the Canadian ePolicy Resource Centre (CePRC).

The Minister for Local Government, Hon Musikari Kombo, in a speech read by the Deputy Permanent Secretary, Mr Reuben Rotich said that an investment in Information Communication Technologies (ICT) is not a competing need if it is properly integrated into mainstream development objectives and that investing in ICT will address the socio-economic issues that are crying out for development.

The Minister, however, cautioned that the implementation of eGovernment projects and ICT in general should not be entrenched into old processes and therefore, automate old and inefficient procedures but find new ways of delivering efficient services using modern technological tools.

“That is why the strategic deployment of ICT for improved government requires political leadership and commitment. Tackling these issues head-on, and striking the right balance between departmental autonomy and central coordination is a demanding, on-going task that has little to do with the technology itself – eGovernment is about Public Service renewal and modernization,” he continued.

The workshop showcased some of the successful implementations of eGovernment at the local authorities. From Kenya, these were Nyeri and Mavoko Municipalities, which have implemented LAIFOMS, a Local Authority Integrated Financial Operations Management Systems, a system that will be rolled out to 60 other local authorities by 2009. Kinondoni Municipality in Dar es Salaam Tanzania took the focus regionally. They have successfully implemented eGovernment systems including: Geographical Information System, Education Management Information System, Loan Master and a Health Information Management System.

Internationally, Korea took centre stage with their KONEPS (Korea Online eProcurement System) application which has won a number of awards including best procurement practice model awarded by UN in November, 2004. In addition, Seoul was jointly ranked number 1 among 100 largest cities in the world due to its eGovernment practices, by the UN Division for Public Administration and Development Management and the American Society for Public Administration.

“One of the aims of the conference was to make eGovernment an attainable reality amongst our regional local authorities. Not only to enable Local Authorities to become a more efficient machinery, but also to ensure satisfaction among the citizens,” said Harry Hare, the Executive Director of African eDevelopment Resource Centre, who were responsible for putting the workshop content together.

During the closing of the Forum a multi-stakeholder approach in implementing eGovernment was encouraged. The meeting made resolutions and urged for their implementation. These included the need for the EAC Secretariat to support the articulation of a regional framework for e-government at local authority level; Partner States work to structure independent ministries or regulatory bodies that deal exclusively with ICT Development and e Government projects; Ministries Responsible for Local Governments budget for the implementation of e-Government in all local authorities; and Private sector provides technical assistance and training along with the provision of relevant technological solutions to governments.

Let’s fight Africa’s corruption plague with ICT

The poor and the honest bare the largest share of the burden of deprivation and lack of services and infrastructure caused by corruption. This is the absurdity of this shadowy, multi-pronged pandemic that extends its tentacles, octopus-like, into all aspects of life. No amount of media exposure and political rhetoric, or event street protests, will make it go away. The latest Transparency International report, which ranks Kenya among the most corrupt countries, should serve as a wake-up call for us all: the efforts being made are not bearing fruit and, therefore, there is need to change strategy.

Considerable research has been done and piles of papers presented on this subject, yet the practice keeps on re-inventing itself and re-emerging in many different forms as if to challenge the crusaders to yet another bout! As a self-proclaimed ICT evangelist, I think it’s time that African governments seriously consider the use of available technological solutions to curb this menace.

Typically, administrative corruption is a result of complex rules for the common man to comprehend and effectively follow and, therefore, calls for intermediaries; civil servants are very powerful people and their discretion to delay or deny service without giving reasons or the perception of the same leads people to allocate some “speed money” to expedite their transaction; and poor handling of complaints, let alone the weak and incompetent investigation procedures and slow judiciary system. All these are issues that can be eased with the use of appropriate ICT systems. And they work particularly well when they are embedded in broader institutional reforms.

But then, are African governments really keen on stamping out corruption? Because if they are, then ICTs can provide powerful tools and solutions for controlling official corruption. One inherent success factor in the application of ICTs is that they enhance transparency, particularly at the transactional level, while offering opportunities for easier access to public records, transactional trails and establishing linkages among geographically separated systems for better accountability.

Sample this: Over the past decade the majority of corrupt deals in East Africa, for example, have been executed from government procurement tenders. This is probably the largest loophole that unscrupulous civil servants and their private sector collaborators have used to cheat governments and stolen millions of shillings. The infamous Anglo Leasing case in Kenya is a case in point.

ICTs in the form of electronic procurement systems can inhibit the ability of government officials to cut deals. Online public review of tender documents can assure appropriate competition and public scrutiny of procedures. But this can only happen if the necessary legal framework that supports these new technologies and the new knowledge economy is in place.

For instance, the registration of permits online, with fees paid separately to a commercial bank, can reduce fraudulent construction practices that lead to structural failures and human casualties. This also minimizes the face-to-face contact between officials and customers which in itself is a conduit for corruption. The same can be said about birth certificates, work permits, passports etc. There are many cases that we can make reference to in virtually all sectors of the economy, and ICT solutions are available to aid. And in social services and development, health, agriculture, education can all benefit from the utilisation of ICT to curb corruption.

Having said that, it is important to note that ICT is not a silver bullet but only a tool to help us efficiently achieve our stated objectives. . And as stated earlier, ICTs should viewed from a holistic view and be integrated in broader institutional reforms or frameworks such as the Public Service Reforms happening in most Africa Governments today. This way, ICTs can become effective enablers that can bring out major changes, for the better, in public service delivery.

With a collaborative process, political will, strong administrative leadership and citizen partnership, ICT could be the tool we have been waiting to for to neutralize this never-say-die demon – corruption.